Seeing a collection account you don't recognize is unsettling, but don't panic and don't pay it immediately just to make it go away. Verify what it actually is first — that step protects both your wallet and your credit report.
Request debt validation in writing
Under federal law, you can send a written debt validation request within 30 days of first being contacted by a collector. They must then provide proof that the debt is yours and accurate before continuing collection efforts.
Send it by mail, and keep a copy
A written request creates a paper trail. Send it by certified mail with return receipt if possible, and keep copies of everything you send and receive.
If it turns out to be identity theft
- File a report at IdentityTheft.gov, which generates an official recovery plan and affidavit.
- Dispute the fraudulent account with all three credit bureaus, including a copy of the identity theft report.
- Consider placing a fraud alert or credit freeze on your reports while the dispute is resolved.
If the debt turns out to be legitimate — sometimes an old account is sold to a new collector and shows up under an unfamiliar name — you can then decide how to handle it, whether that's paying, negotiating, or disputing the amount.
